Iain, unless you were a complete expert and knew all the technical specifications of all the components involved, you wouldn't be able to tell whether a particular combination was a safety issue or an inefficiency issue. Always better to err on the side of caution.
I have personally seen the effects of using the wrong charger on an e-cigarette (not mine I add); a hotel fire was narrowly avoided by their new fire detection system. See my photos here:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/john_pp/albums/72157641398599034.
Here's a video of a Lion battery overcharge:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixIOEPnsgbI.
I'm not familiar with rechargeable AA and AAA lead-acid batteries. Do you mean NiMH (Nickel Metal Hydride) or NiCd (Nickel Cadium)?
The original question wasn't about battery performance but battery safety.